硒多糖的来源、提取及其生物学功能研究进展

硒多糖是硒与多糖结合在一起的有机硒化合物，是一种新型的硒源，具有清除自由基、保护神经活性、增强免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗炎等多种功能。硒多糖具有特殊的化学结构——硒氧键（O=Se=O），有别于普通多糖，其能够发挥硒和多糖的双重功效，活性远高于硒或多糖。本文就硒多糖的来源、提取、分离纯化及生物学功能等方面的研究进展进行综述，以期为未来畜牧业新型饲料添加剂的开发、应用和推广提供理论依据。 [关键词] 硒多糖|来源|提取|生物学功能     

太子参须提取物对鸭流感病毒体外试验初探

为尝试性探究太子参须提取物对鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒体外生长的抑制作用,本文基于TCID50试验检测鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒体外感染不同处理组的MDCK细胞。结果表明,太子参须提取物高低剂量组(75%、25%)和黄芪多糖阳性对照组均对鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒体外生长产生抑制,且太子参须提取物高剂量组(75%)的抑制作用最优。结论:太子参须提取物对鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒在MDCK细胞上的体外增殖具有一定抑制作用,且呈相应剂量关系。     

Influence of Disease Process and Duration on Acute Phase Proteins in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Horses with Colic

Background

The acute phase proteins (APP) serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, and fibrinogen are valuable blood biomarkers in equine inflammatory diseases, but knowledge of factors influencing their concentrations in blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) of horses with colic is needed.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of demographics (age, sex, breed), disease process (simple obstruction, strangulating obstruction, inflammatory), disease location, disease duration, hypovolemia, and admission hospital on concentrations of APP, lactate and white blood cell counts (WBC) in horses with colic admitted to 2 referral hospitals.

Animals

The study included 367 horses with colic admitted at 2 referral hospitals.

Methods

Prospective multicenter observational study of clinical data, as well as blood and PF biomarkers. Associations between biomarker concentrations and clinical variables were analyzed using multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results

Increasing pre‐admission duration of colic was associated with increased concentrations of APP in blood and PF. Blood concentrations of SAA and fibrinogen were associated with disease process (inflammatory, strangulations, simple obstructions) in more colic duration groups (5–12 and >24 hours) than any of the other biomarkers. No relevant associations between demographic factors, hospital, or hydration status and the measured biomarkers were found.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

In horses with colic, concentrations of APP are associated mainly with disease process and duration of colic and may thus be used for assessment of disease independently of demographic or geographic factors. Serum amyloid A may be a diagnostic marker for use in colic differential diagnosis, but further evaluation is needed.     

Synovial fluid total protein concentration as a possible marker for canine idiopathic polyarthritis

Idiopathic polyarthritis (IPA) is a very common inflammatory arthropathy in the dog. Canine IPA is diagnosed mainly by detecting increased number of leukocytes in the synovial fluid (SF), which is easily influenced by glucocorticoid therapy. We obtained 31 SF samples from 24 IPA dogs prior to (n=19) and/or after (n=12) 1 to 10 weeks of glucocorticoid therapy. The SF total protein concentrations of IPA dogs were significantly higher than those of dogs with non-arthritis diseases (n=34) and healthy controls (n=10). Our data revealed that the SF total protein concentrations are not influenced by several weeks of glucocorticoid therapy. Hence, the SF total protein concentration is applicable as a diagnostic marker of canine IPA even when the patients are receiving glucocorticoid therapy.     

桑叶黄酮类化合物提取方法研究

选择水或 70 %乙醇溶剂 ,微波处理或非微波处理桑叶的各种方法提取桑叶总黄酮。研究结果表明 :经微波处理 1 0min桑叶 ,以 70 %乙醇作溶剂提取桑叶总黄酮的浸出率最高。     

清凉酸枣饮料生产工艺

以野生酸枣为原料，经热水浸提，过滤即得酸枣原汁。配以适当比例的白砂糖，柠檬酸，纯净水，放入夹层锅中进行第１次灭菌后装入玻璃瓶中，压封瓶盖，放入蒸汽消毒柜中，经９５－１００℃再次灭菌３０ｍｉｎ，即为酸枣加工产品－清凉酸枣饮料。     

超声波提取乌饭树叶色素及其稳定性的研究

在单因素试验的基础上，用正交试验法确定了超声波法提取乌饭树叶色素的最佳工艺条件。结果为：室温下，超声波频率30kHz，浸提时间10min，溶剂为62％（体积分数）乙醇，液固比为3．5：1（mL：g），浸提1次。超声波提取法与常规提取法相比有明显的优势，在各自的最佳工艺条件下，常规法提取率为11．43％，而超声波法为23．84％，且所用溶剂少，提取时间短，所得色素品质更高。此外对色素的稳定性进行了实验。乌饭树叶色素在酸性条件及低于80oc时是稳定的；蔗糖对色素的降解作用不明显，而柠檬酸具有明显的增色和护色作用；当苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾的质量分数高于0．01％时对色素有明显的降解作用。     

微波辅助提取桔皮中天然抗氧化剂的研究

以桔皮为原料，乙醇为溶剂，在微波功率900W，提取温度75℃条件下，通过单因素试验探讨了乙醇体积分数、浸提时间、料液比对总黄酮提取率的影响，并通过正交试验对桔皮中黄酮类化合物提取工艺进行了研究。结果表明，用微波法从桔皮中提取总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为：乙醇体积分数75％，浸提时间7min，料液比l：30。用此工艺提取的总黄酮得率为12．04％。通过1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）法测定不同工艺条件下桔皮提取物的抗氧化性能，表明不同工艺的桔皮提取物均有一定的清除DPPH自由基的能力，其清除率与总黄酮的含量有一定的量效关系。     

棕榈藤基因组DNA提取及RAPD反应条件探索

棕榈藤(rattan)是棕榈科(Palmae Juss．)藤本植物，属棕榈科省藤亚科(Calamoideae)省藤族(Calameae)植物，包括13属600余种，主要分布于热带地区。棕榈藤是热带森林宝库中的多用途植物资源，具有很高的经济价值和开发前景，是仅次于木材和竹材的重要林产品，其中黄藤(Daemonorops margaritae(Hance)Seccari)和单叶省藤(Calamus simplicifolius Wei)是我国大面积栽培的2个重要藤种。     

杜仲叶酸性多糖提取分离及含量测定

研究杜仲叶酸性多糖的提取分离工艺及其含量测定的简便方法.结果表明,以提取过药用有效成分后的杜仲叶为原料提取酸性多糖的较佳工艺条件是:1.0%的碱水在100 ℃下提取2次,每次2 h;提取液经大孔吸附树脂处理,多次醇沉等步骤分离的酸性多糖含量可达到41.46%.采用DNS法测定杜仲叶酸性多糖含量时水解时间控制在15～20 min,显色反应为10 min,检测波长为492 nm;在试验条件下,葡萄糖浓度在0.20～0.60 mg·mL-1范围内显色灵敏、稳定,线性关系良好;用该法测定杜仲叶渣酸性多糖含量时加样回收率为98.30%,RSD为1.76%;显色溶液在2 h内吸光度值比较稳定,能够完全满足测定工作要求,可以作为实验室测定多糖含量的简便、快捷、有效的方法.